Since the beginning of 2020, the effect of COVID-19 on the stock markets in developed and developing countries has been taken the attention of researchers. However, the existing empirical studies mainly focus on the short period. The present study aims to close this hole in the prior studies on...

Since the beginning of 2020, the effect of COVID-19 on the stock markets in developed and developing countries has been taken the attention of researchers. However, the existing empirical studies mainly focus on the short period. The present study aims to close this hole in the prior studies on...

Crude oil price returns and the U.S. stock market (S&P500 index) returns for the period 2006-2016. In the empirical analyses, univariate GARCH and multivariate GARCH (BEKK-GARCH) models are employed to investigate potential volatility spillover effect of crude oil price returns on the S&P500...