This research considers the strategies on the initial public offering of company equity at the stock exchanges in the imperfect highly volatile global capital markets with the nonlinearities. We provide the IPO definition and compare the initial listing requirements on the various markets. We...

Over the last two decades, a number of financial disasters have occurred due to failure in risk management procedures. If some, as the Asian financial crisis, had a very much more muted global impact (even though they sent shock waves through global financial markets, the main damage were fairly...

The same firm characteristics that help explain cross-sectional variation in expected stock returns, such as size, book-to-market and the earnings yield, also help explain cross-sectional variation in returns to trading in option-implied stock return volatility. This empirical phenomenon is...

The Black’s leverage effect hypothesis postulates that a negative stock return innovation increases the financial leverage of a firm since the value of equity decreases at a given level of debt, which, in turn, creates a higher equity return volatility in the future. The paper is aimed at...

Contrary to conventional wisdom, growth stocks (low book-to-market stocks) do not have substantially higher future cash-flow growth rates than value stocks, in both rebalanced and buy-and-hold portfolios. The efficiency growth, survivorship and look-back biases, and rebalancing effect help...

Growth options increase idiosyncratic skewness and reduce risk exposure, and thereby create the appearance of profitability, distress, lotteryness, and volatility anomalies, influencing their returns via the channel of idiosyncratic skewness. To capture these effects, we estimate expected...

Within the structural approach for credit risk models we discuss the optimal exercise of the callable and convertible bonds. The Vasiĕk-model is applied to incorporate interest rate risk into the firm’s value process which follows a geometric Brownian motion. Finally, we derive pricing bounds...