important source of consumption risk as two thirds of households are involved in some level of agricultural production. For … South Africa, we focus on labor market risk proxied by transitions from formal employment to informal work or unemployment …

Während direkte Immobilieninvestments lang Zeit als renditeträchtig bei gleichzeitig begrenztem Risiko galten, führte …, sondern auch für das Risiko-Management bei Hypothekenfinanzierern sowie für wirtschaftspolitische Institutionen, Zentralbanken …

matches the wealth distribution; the age profiles of consumption, homeownership, and mortgage debt; and data on the frequency … downpayment requirements? They distinguish between an early period, the 1950s though the 1970s, when household income risk was … relatively small and loan-to-value ratios were low, and a late period, the 1980s through today, with high household income risk …