This volume was prepared by Sebastian Benz while he was working at the Ifo Institute. It was completed in December 2013 and accepted as a doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of Munich. It includes five self-contained chapters. All chapters discuss different...

The present paper investigates the link between exports and the outward FDI stock using a panel of industries and seven EU countries for the period 1973-2004. In particular, we use the panel causality tests developed by Holtz-Eakin, Newey, and Rosen (1988). Estimates using system GMM estimators...

Im Jahr 2019 importierten deutsche Unternehmen Vorprodukte im Wert von 606 Milliarden Euro, was gut 55 Prozent der gesamten Warenimporte Deutschlands ausmachte. Zwei Drittel der importierten Vorprodukte kamen aus anderen EU-Mitgliedstaaten, weitere 5,3 Prozent bzw. 5,0 Prozent aus den USA und...

This report uses an international input-output dataset to present an analysis of Finland’s position in global value chains. The results show that intermediate products account for a larger share – some three-quarters – of Finnish exports than they do in most other countries. The share of...

In this study, we analyse Estonia’s position in global value chains using World Input-Output Data and firm-level data. We find that 69% of Estonia’s total exports are intermediate goods and services, exceeding the EU average (65%). Two-thirds of Estonian imports are intermediates. Our...

Based on a panel data set for 38 European countries over the period 1995-2014 and by using the definition of 'foundational competitiveness', which we operationalise as GDP per working-age individual at PPP, this paper analyses how much trading partners matter for the national competitiveness of...

This policy note summarises the main findings of our recent research on the effects of labour and corporate taxation on international trade, and discusses their policy implications. The first major finding is that labour taxes do not seem to affect imports, while their effect on exports is...