In this paper, I examine the compensation contracts of German shareholder and employee representatives as well as the role of co-determined supervisory boards and the impact on earnings management. The supervisory board participates in the firm's decision-making, but also has the key fiduciary...

What makes independent directors perform their monitoring duty? One possible reason is that they are worried about being sanctioned by regulators if they do not monitor sufficiently well. Using unique features of the Chinese financial market, we estimate the extent to which independent...