We document a decline in the dollar share of international reserves since the turn of the century. This decline …, or of changes in coverage of surveys of reserve composition. Strikingly, the decline in the dollar's share has not been … that, along with the dollar, have historically comprised the IMF's Special Drawing Rights. Rather, the shift out of dollars …

Facility. We provide new evidence on how the central bank swap lines and FIMA Repo Facility can reduce strains in global dollar … funding markets and U.S. Treasury markets during extreme stress events. These facilities are found to reduce strains in dollar …

economic actors' recent difficulties in using the dollar. The American financial sanctions against Chinese trade partners, the … and banks to use the renminbi as an alternative to the dollar. In addition to contributing to a broader understanding of …