The relationship between private and public money has shaped the economic and legal debate over money for centuries. Private money can either compete with or complement public money and this depends on the applicable law and the relative powers of the State and private parties. The rise of...

Variations among the diverse pension systems in the member states of the European Union (EU) hamper labor market mobility across national borders and also among firms within the countries of the EU. From a macroeconomic perspective, and in the light of demographic pressure, this paper argues...

Risk management has long been recognized as an important component of the portfolio management process. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of portfolio risk management is often hampered by both an incomplete appreciation of the full potential of the risk management function and a limited...

With a view to establishing a Capital Markets Union (CMU), efforts to integrate (private) capital markets and private risk-sharing in the European Union are underway. However, the single (capital) market will be burdened by a perennial potential threat to sovereign bond market stability in the...

The Van Rompuy Report and also additional proposals made by the European Commission outlined steps for a ‘genuine Economic and Monetary Union’. This article explains, assesses and comments on the proposals made. Moreover, it outlines what could be recommendations in order to achieve a...

The establishment of a Capital Markets Union (CMU) is a high-priority project of the European Commission. CMU should foster additional non-bank sources of finance, mobilize private savings more efficiently and enhance capital market integration. Although more integration is needed, the...

With the introduction of the legal framework of Economic and Monetary Union by the Maastricht Treaty a new chapter not only in European economic integration, but also in the development of the global economic system was opened. The close coordination of the economic policies of the Member States...

The crisis in the Euro Zone is due to two factors: over-borrowing by some states and credit booms in others. The architecture of the Euro remains incomplete, due to lack of enforcement of fiscal discipline and an integrated bank supervision. The paper proposes a staged and comprehensive approach...