Customs-related corruption costs World Customs Organisation (WCO) members at least $2 billion in customs revenue each … only help reduce corruption and improve efficiency - in a large number of customs agencies -- if the customs agency …'s director undertakes a big-bang approach to reform. We also find support for the corruption clubs theory - that customs agencies …

To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This … addition to relevant elements of the WTO Agreements, particularly the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the General … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic …

, Professor Esty argues that, if the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to be successful in its designated role of promoting trade …

century. Secondly, in one area of economic activity - trade in government procurement markets - the revised WTO Agreement on … Government Procurement (GPA) is emerging as a multi-dimensional tool of trade, governance and development. The thesis of this …

corruption are part of the good governance criteria set forth by the World Bank and other donor agencies. An important element of … direct approaches in combatting corruption undertaken by the World Bank …This article explores the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in promoting good governance while placing WTO …