The World Trade Organization (WTO) linked intellectual property protection with trade. The WTO Agreement on Trade … to provide latitude to the Member States to tailor their national patent laws to fit their individual needs. In 2001, the … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique …

COVID-19, caused by SARS-Cov-2, was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Since … then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and … an overview of the patent landscape of medical treatments and technologies related to COVID-19, and of the patent status …

the extent and impact of patent holdup and holdout in the ICT sector, and then about how to eliminate or reduce these … made great efforts to solve the issue of patent holdup and holdout, there is still an ongoing struggle among divergent … stakeholders. Patent holdup and holdout directly impacts the innovation and dissemination of patented technology, the harmonization …