We build on the latest developments in the structural gravity literature to quantify the partial and general equilibrium effects of GATT/WTO membership on trade and welfare. Using an extensive database covering manufacturing trade for 186 countries over the period 1980-2016, we find that the...

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a discussion among researchers and policy makers about changes to global value chains, both about expected changes and changes that should be promoted by government policies. In this paper we conduct an in-depth analysis of the reasons...

The objective of this paper is to provide insight into the regulatory solutions that refer to the electronic commerce (e-commerce) adopted in the regional trade agreements (RTAs) of the European Union. Our goal is to compare these regulatory measures with the obstacles indicated in the...

Small and poor countries pose a challenge for the World Trade Organization (WTO). These countries have acquired a significant say in WTO decision-making. However, they have limited ability to engage in the reciprocity game that is at the heart of the WTO, and have limited interests in the...

This paper argues that, by committing a series of egregious interpretative errors in cases with important policy consequences and by adopting an overly strict approach to the use of precedent, the AB drove itself into the crisis it is currently going through. It also proposes a blueprint to...

This article discusses the place of both the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and their role in global energy governance in the light of the fragmentation debate roughly twenty years after their establishment. The Energy Charter Secretariat (ECS), the...

Remarkable achievements have been made on foreign trade since China's entry into the WTO 14 years ago. However, China's foreign trade is facing huge amounts of challenges in the meantime. For instances, from the perspective of trade sustainability, the way of extensive growth is causing...

With the likely demise of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism as of December 11, 2019, the question arises as to whether regional trade agreement (RTA) dispute settlement mechanisms such as those in the recent US-Mexico-Canada Agreement can provide an acceptable alternative. The paper concludes...

We study the evasion of U.S. anti-dumping duties by Chinese exporters through trade rerouting via third countries or regions. Using detailed monthly trade data reported by China and the U.S. Customs during the period of 2002–2006, we find that U.S. anti-dumping actions against China lead to a...

All WTO members participate in the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), a rules-based bottom-up approach built on monitorable provisions (e.g. the publication of information, advance rulings, appeal or review of decisions, transparency, and border agency cooperation) aimed at reducing time in...