With China a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Congress faces the challenge of determining what can take the place of its former "annual Most Favored Nation (MFN)" review. This review opened Congress as a forum for the American debate regarding its treatment of China, giving Congress...

International investment law is undergoing a time of reflection, review and revision. Increasing dissatisfaction with the functioning of the current system that governs the protection of international investment and the wish to ensure that investment is channelled towards sustainable development...

This chapter will analyze arguments that the World Trade Organization (WTO) suffers from a 'democratic deficit', which casts doubt on the legitimacy and desirability of its rules and policies. First this chapter outlines teh two strands of this accusation of 'democratic deficit'. That is: 1....

India's trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) compliant Patent (Amendment) Act 2005 saw the transformation of its laws from a process patent regime to a product patent regime. The amendments have had a direct impact on India's generic drugs manufacturing sector, which was...

This paper addresses the complexity of legal issues arising as a result of the deployment of international investment agreements (IIAs), as substantive regulatory and enforcement devices, for the protection of intellectual property rights. Its overriding analytical framework, proposes that...

In 2012, the Russian Federation (RF) joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) as its 156th member. Two years later, an international conflict over the developments in Ukraine in general and the changing status of Crimea erupted, which henceforth saw the RF, the United States (US), and the...

In April of 1996, three judges of the Appellate Body affinned the first major ruling under the trade dispute resolution procedures administered by the new World Trade Organization (WTO). The judges - from the Philippines, Japan, and New Zealand - held that key regulations adopted by the...

Mainstream international trade law scholars have commented positively on the work of World Trade Organization (WTO) adjudicators. This favorable view is both echoed and challenged by empirical scholarship that shows a high disparity between Complainant and Respondent success rates (Complainants...

Internationally, the significance of consumer protection transpired beyond the national frontiers with the adoption of the United Nations Guidelines on Consumer Protection (UNGCP) in 1985. Ever since, there had been various contributions by scholars on the question of consumer rights and their...