Whereas some researchers emphasize how World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement reduces complexity and clarifies legislation, others argue that dispute rulings promote co-operation by providing an enforcement mechanism. This article identifies empirical implications from these distinct...

The strong presence of large countries in World Trade Organisation (WTO) dispute settlement and the absence of very poor ones have raised concerns that increasing legalisation in the global trading system has not diminished discrimination against less powerful countries as much as expected. This...

The quantitative literature on WTO dispute settlement explains dispute outcomes primarily through country characteristics and neglects policy-variables. The environmental policy literature tends to assume that disputes over inter-jurisdictional differences in environment, health and safety (EHS)...

This paper provides an overview of issues and progress in research on WTO dispute settlement. It also points out the remaining gaps in the existing literature. For reasons of space, the focus is primarily on research by political scientists and legal scholars. We pay only passing attention to...