This chapter reviews the several ways that bilateral and regional trade agreements regulate environmental and labour standards and human rights. It divides these into provisions granting the parties rights to adopt protective measures in the form of exceptions and conflicts provisions and...

Artificial photosynthesis (AP) is an area of well-advanced research involving large international groups at the cutting edge of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. In simple terms it offers to produce a cheap source of hydrogen for fuel through using sunlight to split water, as well as making...

Human rights in international law -- The nature of human rights obligations for various international actors -- International trade law and the World Trade Organization -- International financial institutions : the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund -- Multinational enterprises

How to bridge the gap between trade regimes and human rights regimes has long been hotly debated in the international law community. From the perspective of global governance for human rights, linking human rights obligations in FTAs, compared to “soft” human rights treaties, is believed to...