converted into equivalent tariffs and further, reduced over time. However each member country has the authority to choose the … tariff types when it converts NTBs to tariffs such as ad valorem tariff and specific tariff. The paper tries to find the … achieve this goal, the paper analyses the effects of tariffication of a fixed quota into tariffs on price, trade and welfare …

Market access negotiations in merchandise trade at the multilateral level cover tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs …). While tariffs have been substantially reduced in earlier rounds, they remain high in certain areas and further reductions …