Objective. We test whether the increasing tendency of women, blacks, and Latinos to study science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is decreasing gender and race pay inequality in the federal civil service and the U.S. economy. Method. Using logit analysis on a one percent sample...

Although the share of female PhDs has increased explosively since the 1980s, little research has focused on the utilisation and remuneration of female versus male scientific human capital. Using rich Swedish cross-sectional register data on the stock of PhDs in 2004, this paper analyses to what...