" experience important earnings increases (of up to 6 log points) several years prior to giving birth to their first child. However …, this earnings' advantage gets seriously hit right after birth, and it is not until nine years later that mothers' earnings … return to their pre-birth (relative) levels. The study finds that heterogeneity matters as most of the motherhood penalty and …

school degree with an average amount of intermittency during six years after giving birth to her first child is roughly half …