sorted across firms and worker-firm matches upon re-employment. We find that the Hartz reforms substantially reduced the … 80 percent of the increased wage loss was because displaced workers found re-employment in lower-wage firms after the … reforms. A disproportionate share of these low-wage firms offer temporary employment services to other firms, and we document …

The economic crisis in the early 1990s brought about a dramatic increase in unemployment and a similar decrease in … labor force participation. Unemployment declined afterwards, but stabilized at around 6-7% - more than twice as high as … before the crisis. Today, the unemployment rate is lower than the EU average, though Sweden no longer stands out in this …

disparities including differences of local employment offices, which are assigned to place unemployed job-seekers, are of minor … unemployment duration and the quality of reemployment. …

Switzerland is a small country with rich cultural and geographic diversity. The Swiss unemployment rate is low, at …. However, challenges do exist, particularly related to earnings and employment gaps between foreign and native workers, as well … as a narrowing but persistent gender pay gap. Additionally, regional differences in unemployment are significant. …