work from home. The lockdown led to a large increase in childcare and housework, given the closing of schools and the … inability to outsource. We find that men increased their participation in housework and childcare slightly, but most of the … crisis appears to have increased gender inequalities in both paid and unpaid work in the short-term. …

This paper assesses the impact of a large expansion of public childcare in Germany on wage inequality. Exploiting … regional variation in childcare supply over the 1990s, I show that in regions with stronger increases in childcare, wage … half of the wage distribution and qualitatively similar for full- and part-time workers. Larger expansions in childcare …

We study the effect of childcare availability on child penalties. Using Swiss administrative data, we exploit the … staggered opening od childcare facilities across municipalities in the canton of Bern. We find that the presence of childcare … facilities in the year of birth of the first child reduces the child penalty. The availability of childcare increases maternal …

We develop a model to study the impact on gender gaps in participation and wages of a liquidity constraint that … gender gaps in the labour market. In this framework, an extension of paid maternity leave duration has ambiguous effects on … gender inequality. In contrast, child care subsidies, which require higher taxes, and loans, which do not, unambiguously …

's labor market outcomes decline at a steeper rate than men's after the arrival of the first grandchild. We find gender gaps in …

amount of the gender income gap. In this paper we do two things. First, we use a simple household model to better understand … the potential mechanisms driving the child penalty, which include gender norms around child care, female preferences for … in heterosexual couples is primarily explained by female preferences for child care and gender norms, with a smaller …

, leading to a 4-10 percent gender earnings gap 5-10 years later. The child penalty is shifted across generations to … grandmothers with low education, but daycare availability only affects child penalties. Gender biases towards older women's work …

-related gender inequality in earnings and (ii) assesses the impact of family policies on this inequality. We present three sets of … the 2000s. Second, we decompose overall gender inequality into child-related and child-unrelated components. Over our …-third to the increase in child-related gender inequality. Instead, a parental benefit reform in 2007 mitigated further …

as childcare and leave policies interaction. The findings from the fixed effects model reveal that childcare coverage for … gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined … with high childcare coverage lead to greater employment gap than when the coverage is low. The results do not prove that …