We study the effect of childcare availability on child penalties. Using Swiss administrative data, we exploit the … staggered opening od childcare facilities across municipalities in the canton of Bern. We find that the presence of childcare … facilities in the year of birth of the first child reduces the child penalty. The availability of childcare increases maternal …

. The efficient allocation of this benefit depends on the income levels of family members and whether their income exceeds …

Women experience significant reductions in labor market income following the birth of children, while their male … contribution due to the biological costs of giving birth. Second, we provide causal estimates on the impact of two family policies …

particular, but we know little about the possible wage impact of leave to care for sick children, which is a part of the Swedish …

gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined … with high childcare coverage lead to greater employment gap than when the coverage is low. The results do not prove that …The paper documents employment and wage gaps, which arise between mothers and childless women, for a set of 28 European …

The consequence of the arrival of children for the gender wage gap - known as the child penalty - is substantial and … has been documented for many countries. Little is still known about the impact of having children beyond paid work in the … production is roughly equal across gender before and after the arrival of children. This result rejects the hypothesis that women …

benefits also reduce take-up of paid leave by mothers, lower the chances of having further children, and have no impact on …