This paper documents and analyses the predominance of informal employment in Africa and shows that lack of demand for … labour rather than worker characteristics is the main reason for pervasive underemployment. Integration into the global … potential to become competitive in light manufacturing, but the most promising avenue for export-led growth of employment in …

individuals and jobs, and a simple sorting mechanism that generates underemployment - educated workers performing unskilled jobs …. We find that the public-sector wage differential and excess underemployment account for 15 percent of the education bias …