This paper evaluates the effects of a fall in payroll taxes on employment and wages in the presence of high labor … formality. The model suggests that the reform would increase total employment by between 0.3 to 0.5 percent and formal … employment by between 3.4 to 3.7 percent over the pre-reform scenario. In addition, formal wage rates would increase by 4 …

the massive size of the migrant influx, no adverse effects on the average wages of men or women or on total employment of … men are observed. For women, however, total employment falls -which results mainly from the elimination of part-time jobs … complementary workers in the formal sector. We estimate about one-to-one replacement in employment for native men in the informal …

employment, wages, and productivity. Evidence generally shows these forces to be offsetting, usually resulting in small … employment and earnings effects and sometimes in large, positive effects on productivity and scale. Foreign ownership usually has …

This study examines the long-term correlates of bullying in school with aspects of functioning in adult employment … outlines why bullying might affect employment outcomes through differences in skills and traits. Using Bivariate and Heckit … labour force participation, employment rate and hourly wages are negatively affected by bullying. In addition, men …

bottom firms catching up with top firms in the Republic of Korea and the richest EU countries. Regarding employment and labor … skills, employment growth has generally been quite stagnant in all regions. Labor skills, for which we use the wage premium …. Our test of the productivity−employment link indicates that the size of employment tends to have a greater impact on …

This research documents changes in employment and wages in the Netherlands for different types of workers. We compare … employment has been growing by 2 percent in the period 2017-2023, of which 1.8 percent has been due to additional workers finding … employment. Women have experienced the largest increase in employment, while the employment of men on temporary contracts has …

This paper evaluates the implications for employment, productivity and wages of allowing for more flexibility in weekly … sharing and the Full flexibility scenarios. She finds that the 2012 reform preserves employment and generates a 1.72% increase … in productivity. In the work sharing scenario, the increase in employment (1.86%) comes at the expense of a lower …

high degree of (nonrandom) fluctuation in employment the composition of the employed population will have a considerable … 1996-2003. During these years employment in Poland fell from 51.2% to 44.2% and most of it occurred between the end of 1998 … purely to changes in employment …