firm owners are optimistic regarding their expected business development before state elections. After state elections … optimistic prior to state elections because politicians promised individual policies to gratify the firms' needs during election … times. Firms might be disappointed after elections as the promises made during election campaigns by politicians turn out to …

efficiencyenhancing effect of elections at given institutional conditions. …

than in other years, indicating that perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. The effect is … especially pronounced before early elections (1.0 points) compared to regular elections (0.4 points). Future research needs to … investigate why perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. …

I examine whether elections influence perceived corruption in the public sector. Perceived corruption in the public … perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. The effect is especially pronounced before early elections … (1.0 points) compared to regular elections (0.4 points). Future research needs to investigate why perceived corruption in …

In this short note, we use data from different elections in the German state of North-Rhine Westphalia between 1975 and … contribution is the comparison of municipal and state elections. …

This paper studies the impact of campaign spending on votes in French legislative elections. We exploit the political … augmented. We have data on two consecutive elections (one before and one after the reforms) and focus on candidates who competed … in both of them. We find that the difference in candidates' campaign expenses across elections is strongly affected by …