The current paper discusses approximating a correct theory of cause and effect by minimizing distance to its associated probability measure in a space of measures in which each element is associated with a stochastic representation of a candidate theory. The discussion encourages researchers to...

Keynes recognized that there were a few cases where his rational analysis of decision making under conditions of uncertainty and risk using: (a) interval valued probability in Parts II and III of the A Treatise on Probability,(b) decision weights in Part IV of the A Treatise on Probability ,or...

Nearly one hundred years after Keynes published his A Treatise on Probability in 1921,it appears that practically no philosophers have read Part II of the A Treatise on Probability in either the 20th or 21st centuries. This simply means that no modern day philosopher is in any position to...

J M Keynes's two logical relations of rational degree of probability, α, 0≤α≤1 and Evidential Weight of the Argument, w, 0≤w≤1, where w measures the degree of completeness of the evidence, can't be represented or associated with ordinal probability, although Keynes's theory of...

A major error in analyzing how Keynes operationalized his logical theory of probability in 1921 is to assume that Keynes's theoretical structure is presented by him at the end of Chapter III of the A Treatise on Probability on pp. 38-40, which contains a diagram on page 39 that Keynes himself...