Background: This study addresses optimising fleet size in a system with a heterogeneous truck fleet, aiming to minimise transportation costs in interfacility material transfer operations. Methods: The material transfer process is modelled using a closed queueing network (CQN) that considers...

Material handling systems (MHS) are integral to logistics functions by providing various supports such as handling, moving, and storing materials in manufacturing and service organisations. This study considers determining the optimal size of a homogeneous fleet of trucks to be outsourced (or...