Energy is consumed at every stage of the cycle of water supply, treatment, use and disposal. The intensity of energy … available literature on energy intensity for water use in the municipal and agricultural sectors and separates the process into … considered. Representative values of the energy consumed per unit water are given for a broad range of processes. Water …

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) proscribes specific levels of contaminates present in rivers and lakes in the UK … drinking water additives such as iron dosing. Water companies must provide effective treatment methods which will reduce … contaminates in the water to allowed levels. The selection of effective treatment method poses a sustainability problem as there …