An experimental field study was performed during the growing season to assess water and nutrient balances in a paddy field over a 3-year period. The plots were separated according to irrigation water: groundwater (TR#1), wastewater (TR#2), and filtered wastewater with ultraviolet (UV) treatment...

Water management techniques to elevate rice yields and productive use of water resources in Africa, frequently lack a substantial spatial assessment as they are often based on plot level measurements without taking into account toposequential effects present in the landscape. These effects have...