While India's low female labor force participation in urban areas is often attributed to its demographic and labor market characteristics, education, and cultural aspects, attention is not paid to the labor market opportunity structure limiting women's labor market participation. We examine the...

Transport is traditionally a male-dominated sector. The realization that the sector and its subsystems have been conceived, designed, and matured from either a male-oriented or a gender-neutral perspective is thus unsurprising. In Kenya, discussion about gender and related aspects has been on...

Limited access to safe transportation is one of the greatest challenges to labor force participation faced by women in developing countries. This paper quantifies the causal impacts of improved urban transport systems in women´s employment outcomes, looking at Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and...

This database contains the full outputs from the analysis, which is also updated every other year in line with the publication. It covers the travel demand, vehicle activities, energy consumption, as well as related CO2 emissions of all modes (existing and new emerging modes) for both freight...

Between 2004/2005 and 2009/2010 there was a sharp fall in female labor force participation (LFP) in rural India. Why did this occur? We look at the four standard explanations: that more women in rural areas are now pursuing higher education and are therefore not available for work (education...

In the past twenty years, India's economy has grown at increasing rates and now belongs to the fastest-growing economies in the world. This paper examines drivers of female labor force participation in urban India between 1987 and 2004, showing a much more nuanced picture of female labor force...