longer in paid work. This report seeks to understand how patterns of employment and retirement have changed, both before and …

on female labor market participation, expenditure on childcare services, and child health outcomes using the Longitudinal … childcare services and child health outcomes were little affected. Our results imply that the CB payments had a negative income … effect on employment of mothers who used to work outside the home before giving birth and might prevent some mothers from …

This paper provides empirical evidence on the effect of changing the retirement age on employment. Base on individual …-7.4 percentage point increase in the 45 per cent employment rate at the retirement age for women. Changes in the normal retirement … age do not seem to have such employment effect because increases in disability pension claims have counteracted them. …

, caregiving, and improvements in health outcomes for those likely to provide family care. Using our preferred estimation method …, we find that women with a spouse in poor health are 7.4 percentage points more likely to work while providing care after … in poor health are more likely to work while providing care (5.6 percentage points) after PFL. The implementation of …