ratios, in the presence of strong social norms against female employment. One such channel is women's desired labor supply …

We examine whether the COVID-19 crisis affects women and men differently in terms of employment, working hours and … as others, irrespective of gender and spousal employment. Third, single-parent essential workers experience relatively …

., that women's participation is falling due unavailability of steady gainful employment. The high unemployment rate and … industry-wise composition of total employment provide suggestive evidence that women's participation is falling as women are … likely to be displaced from employment by male workers. We show that women's employment is likely to suffer more than men …