Anecdotal evidence suggests that the cost of child care in the U.S. has increased substantially over the past few decades. This paper marshals data from a variety of sources to rigorously assess the issue. It begins by using nationally representative survey data to trace the evolution in...

This work is with respect to labour security of women workers in urban informal sector in West Bengal. Labour security implies certain benefits (other than wage payments) to a person for being a labourer as his/her right or entitlement(s). Earlier studies suggest that informal women workers are...

A widely-held explanation for the gender pay gap is that women do not negotiate salary as much as men. Various government and community organizations have recently introduced training initiatives to help individuals improve negotiation skills during job search. Can we help candidates improve job...

New technologies and digital platforms have ushered in a rise of gig, freelance, contract, and other types of independent work. Although independent workers and the gig economy as a whole have received plenty of attention, little research has examined the heterogeneity of work characteristics...

In this paper, we evaluate the effects of free pre-kindergarten (pre-K) programs on the labor force participation (LFP) of mothers. We use variation in pre-K rules across all US states, including income eligibility requirements in some states. To estimate the causal effects of access to pre-K on...

This policy note examines sectoral and occupational employment impacts of the Covid-19 crisis. The crisis hit EU economies (and advanced economies in general) as they were already undergoing important structural changes due to technological change (digitisation), a factor affecting most...

The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered simultaneously a global health crisis and a global economic crisis which have further deepened existing inequalities along several dimensions, including gender. Increasing gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work has been a primary outcome of the pandemic...

In this paper we evaluate the effects of free pre-kindergarten (Pre-K) programs on thelabor force participation of mothers. We use variation in Pre-K rules across all U.S.states, including income eligibility requirements in some states. To estimate the causaleffects of access to pre-K on labor...

Unpaid work, which falls outside of the national income accounts but within the general production boundary, is viewed as either "care" or as "work" by experts. This work is almost always unequally distributed between men and women, and if one includes both paid and unpaid work, women carry much...

Temporal work flexibility is often viewed as means to improve the reconciliation of family and work. By exploiting theGerman re-unification and the particularities of the labor market of the German Democratic Republic, I show that flexitime allows mothers to spend more time with their children....