This paper documents an important but mostly overlooked reason for female underrepresentation in politics: gender gaps … council elections (2001-2016) in a German state, we provide evidence for a gender recontest gap among both incumbent and non …

This paper documents an important but mostly overlooked reason for female underrepresentation in politics: gender gaps … council elections (2001-2016) in a German state, we provide evidence for a gender recontest gap among both incumbent and non …

Bavaria. Exploiting an open-list electoral system, we run RDD regressions centered around mixed-gender races for the last … council seat that accrues to a party. We find that a female victory in a mixed-gender race accelerates the expansion of public …

that direct election regimes ease the selection of competent politicians into office. …This paper investigates how direct election regimes (à la presidential democracy) affect the selection of women into … of female mayors substantially. The results are stronger in cities with a high pre-reform share of female politicians and …

In this paper we study whether and how the belief that the gender of politicians affects their competence on different …-specific gender bias in elections which can describe both the presence of a real comparative advantage ('kernel-of-truth' case, or …