Women typically earn less than men. The reasons are not fully understood. Previous studies argue that this may be because (i) women 'don't ask' and (ii) the reason they fail to ask is out of concern for the quality of their relationships at work. This account is difficult to assess with standard...

The participation of females in the labor force has grown remarkably in the last 50 years. Yet almost nothing is known about how an increasing presence of female bosses affects employee well-being. We provide evidence consistent with the surprising idea that women are much less happy when they...