) impacts men and women differently. The MEI program began in 2009 to reduce formalization costs for micro-entrepreneurs. The … industries to identify the impacts on the formalization of micro-enterprises. Our findings show that women entrepreneurs drove … the reasons women formalize more. We find no evidence that the MEI program is a way out of unemployment or inactivity for …

The supply of women into senior management has changed little despite well-intentioned efforts. We argue that the … biggest effect is from supply-side factors that inhibit females' decision to enter competitions: Women are under …-confident about winning, men are over-confident; women are more risk averse than men in some settings; and, most importantly, women …