Optimal entry policy is considered in markets served by both domestic and foreign firms. Compared with the prior entry literature, introducing foreign producers as market participants reduces incentives for entry deterrence and enhances incentives for entry subsidization. Incentives are changed...

We analyze the welfare effects of parity rules, prevalent in telecommunications and other regulated industries, that force a vertically-integrated input monopolist to treat its own downstream affiliate and downstream competitors comparably in terms of input price and quality. When input pricing...

We analyze the welfare effects of “parity” rules that force a vertically-integrated input monopolist (VIM) to treat downstream affiliates and competitors alike in terms of price and quality. We find that input-quality parity can lower social welfare when input pricing is unregulated. In...