which are under patent protection in India. The Indian prices of DPP-4 inhibitors are higher than those of other drugs in … the same segment, but only a fraction of the price in the U.S. and other developed countries (i.e., the patent holders … practice international differential pricing). The patent holders also license the products out voluntarily to local …

We show that the common wisdom suggesting higher investment in innovation under a stronger patent protection may not be … slope of the marginal cost of undertaking innovation is moderate, investment in innovation is maximised at a patent … protection that is weaker than the strongest patent protection. Otherwise, strongest patent protection maximises investment in …

national incentives for patent protection? What is the rationale for international coordination over patent policies? Given …