for entry subsidization. Incentives are changed because entry produces "terms of trade" gains. The optimal entry subsidy … differences in the optimal subsidy for domestic and foreign entrants, with foreign entrants relatively less subsidized. Domestic …

. Outcomes are compared with an emission fee and a subsidy. The analytical results are simulated with a numerical model and … subsidy. …

sector) a tax is the dominant instrument. For moderate policy targets, a subsidy will be superior (inferior) if the initial …

subsidy allows to achieve maximum efficiency. We show that, while the ownership of the controlled firm is irrelevant when … optimal subsidy to restore the first-best allocation, irrespective of the mode of competition. The paper also focuses on the … extent to which a subsidy is needed to attain the social optimum, highlighting the equivalence between a price (quantity …

's vehicle market under ABS and conduct counterfactual simulations to evaluate the welfare impacts of various subsidy designs … subsidy redistribution through product-level subsidies, as suggested by our theoretical model, further enhances welfare gains … by an additional 34% to 62%. Among the ABS designs, China's notched subsidy design based on driving range leads to …

imposing negative value-added taxes (subsidy) or positive specific taxes …

This paper provides a welfare comparison of a tariff with a combination of a production subsidy to, and a commodity tax … combination of the production subsidy and the commodity tax and show it to be superior to the tariff from the welfare viewpoint …. -- Commodity Tax ; Production Subsidy ; Tariff ; Industry Protection …