The goal of this paper is to present a formal model of firm innovation that simultaneously analyzes innovation factors … serves here as an input measure of firm innovation. R&D intensity can be defined as a ratio of firm's R&D spending to the … an elasticity-based model of firm innovation. Further, within the model framework, it is shown how horizontal R …

In an open and digital economy where ICTs, global networks and innovation systems play a key economic role, knowledge … to use new ways to innovate. New innovation processes permit companies to reduce risk and the costs of innovation. New … paradigms, called open innovation and co-innovation, allow organizations to remain innovative in a rapidly changing environment …