Purpose This paper examines the relationship of financial market inclusion, economic growth, foreign direct investment and real output on trade openness for the Saudi Arabia Economy. Trade openness potentially is a major source of economic growth and development. Design/methodology/approach This...

The main objective of this study is to empirically determine which factors are related to the development of local-currency bond market (LCBM) in Saudi Arabia over the period 1990-2019. Using ARDL modeling, the results reveal long-run cointegrating relationships between LCBM capitalization and...

This study examines the spillover dynamics over different frequencies between the positive and negative shocks of uncertainty indexes and economic growth and financial development for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) over 1993-2020 period. The drawback of traditional granger causality regarding...

This paper examines the mainstream theories of "financial sustainability" and "financial development". It is suggested understanding "financial development" as the complex dynamic characteristics of the financial sector, which is formed under the influence of financial and economic policy...