This research sheds light on the causal link between commodity price indexes, i.e., the Agricultural Raw Materials Price Index, Industry Input Price Index, Metal Price Index, and Energy Price Index, in the global market, using wavelet coherence, Toda-Yamamoto causality, and gradual shift...

Recent examples of energy price downturns did not alter trade surpluses in commodity exporting countries, as both exports and imports decreased in equal measures on average. Economic theory contends that such developments may indicate that the changes observed in energy prices are perceived as...