The degree of risk taking by a bank is related to the size of the gross subsidy that has been extended to the bank by the safety net. This subsidy can be calculated by applying a technique that models deposit insurance as a put option on the bank's assets

The impact of cross-border bank M&As on bank risk remains an open question. Though geographically diversifying bank M&As have the potential to reduce the risk of bank insolvency, they also have the potential to increase that risk due to the increase in risk-taking incentives for bank managers...

Introduction -- Volatility and its estimation -- Overview of volatility derivatives -- Options delta hedging with no options at all -- Volatility derivatives in portfolio optimization -- Benefits of using volatility futures in investment strategies -- Predictive properties of the volatility term...