income" concept and similar series. We find that the guide to its construction appearing on the WB data portal to be sketchy … exchange rate during the interim period. The latter feature injects an element of randomness in the resulting income concept to …. Consequently, we recommend replacing the market rate by its "smoothed" version to render the resulting income series more reliable. …

consumption volatility using three sets of variables: one refers to the volatility of income and the persistence of income shocks … variables method. The results indicate that, besides income volatility, the variables with the largest and most robust impact on …

consumption volatility using three sets of variables: one refers to the volatility of income and the persistence of income shocks … variables method. The results indicate that, besides income volatility, the variables with the largest and most robust impact on …

consumption volatility using three sets of variables: one refers to the volatility of income and the persistence of income shocks … variables method. The results indicate that, besides income volatility, the variables with the largest and most robust impact on …