1 Introduction -- 2 Towards a European Green Bond Standard: A European initiative to promote sustainable finance -- 3 Member States sovereign green bond issuance and the development of local green bond markets in the EU -- 4 Issuing a green bond – a practical perspective -- 5 Issuing green...

We examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firm borrowing behavior across 31 countries. We exploit the quasi-experimental properties of this pandemic to investigate how national culture, government preparedness, and response to the pandemic affect corporate borrowing and the structure of...

We present a DSGE model where firms optimally choose among alternative instruments of external finance. The model is used to explain the evolving composition of corporate debt during the financial crisis of 2008-09, namely the observed shift from bank finance to bond finance, at a time when the...

We analyze the differences in the financial debt level of firms both in market-oriented systems (USA, UK) and bank-oriented systems (Germany, France and Italy) on a sample of 3,360 listed companies between the period 2006-2010. Results indicate that the debt level is significantly higher in...