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The paper reviews the debate about transparency in extractive industry commodities trade. It examines the obstacles to improved transparency. A critical review of the experience with estimating losses from a lack of transparency concludes that many of the published estimates of losses from...
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its supply chains and counteract the influence of Chinese actors in its mining industry through a policy of friendshoring …
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Despite a sizeable literature, there is no consensus as to whether and how mineral resources are linked to conflict. In … this paper, we estimate the relationship between giant mineral deposit discoveries and the intensity of armed conflict … with respect to mineral commodity type: metals with a low value-to-weight ratio are not easy to exploit and smuggle and …
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