This paper develops a framework for analyzing different policymaking styles, their causes and their consequences in Latin America, finding that lower institutionalization and greater use of alternative political technologies (APTs) are more likely the lower the cost of using these technologies,...

Introduction / Pierre Ostiguy, Benjamin Moffitt, and Francisco Panizza -- Populism, hegemony and the political construction of "the people" : a discursive approach / Francisco Panizza and Yannis Stavrakakis -- Who would identify with an "empty signifier"? : the relational, performative approach...