We use the Islamic holy month of Ramadan as a natural experiment in fasting and fetal health. In Michigan births 1989-2006, we and prenatal exposure to Ramadan among Arab mothers results in lower birthweight and reduced gestation length. Exposure to Ramadan in the first month of gestation is...

Die Literaturanalyse sichtet Veröffentlichungen zum Thema Armut und Ernährung mit Schwerpunkt im Zeitraum von etwa 1980 bis 1994. Nach einer theoretischen Fundierung des Themas werden repräsentative Studien und qualitative Untersuchungen über Ernährungszustand und ernährungsabhängigen...

This paper addresses the issue of environmental and ecological impacts of nutrient flows within and between countries by reviewing and presenting data on nutrient balances and global nutrient movements. The results for nutrient depletion in agricultural soils during 1996-1999 show that in most...

A consensus has been forged in the last decade that recent periods of sustained growth in total factor productivity and reduced poverty are closely associated with improvements in a population's child nutrition, adult health, and schooling, particularly in low-income countries. Estimates of the...