This study examines how the rules of origin (RoO) of a free trade agreement (FTA) affect firms' pricing strategies. A value-added criterion (VAC) of the RoO requires firms to add more than a certain level of values within an FTA when firms use inputs originating from outside the FTA. The VAC may...

There has been much confusion, rather than debate, on the use of free trade agreements (FTAs). Unfortunately, a large part of the confusion is caused by the absence of consensus on the meaning of key terms such as the "utilization rate" and "usage rate" of FTAs, and the lack of knowledge on...

The growth of digital trade is dependant upon greater interconnectivity across borders. Several countries strive to achieve such interconnectivity and integration in digital trade through international trade agreements. Digital trade integration is a complex, multidimensional process that...