Urbanization is a defining trait of the 21st century, and cities are decisive for the future of sustainable development. This has been recognized internationally through the definition of a stand-alone goal for sustainable urban development, the SDG 11. Cities represent extremely serious...

This overall picture of decentralization and local democracy in African countries shows significant progress at the strictly institutional level. No country now publicly opposes the implementation of decentralization policies. Local governments exist in all countries, and elections are held to...