Although post-merger integration (PMI) in management control systems (MCSs) is a key determinant of successful corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&As), it has not attracted due academic attention because the existing case studies on PMI is are highly concentrated on integration in terms of...

We examine thousands of U.S. private equity (PE) buyouts from 1980 to 2013, a period that saw huge swings in credit market tightness and GDP growth. Our results show striking, systematic differences in the real-side effects of PE buyouts, depending on buyout type and external conditions....