Using quantile regression analyses, this study examines gender gaps in mathematics, science, and reading in Azerbaijan … social characteristics appear unrelated to achievement gender gaps. Second, the overachievement of girls in reading and …

A review of the recent evaluation evidence on financial services and training interventions questions their gender …. These features help women overcome gender-related constraints. However, when social norms are too restrictive, and women are … de-biasing service provision, which can be gender biased; lastly, whenever possible, results should be sex …

This chapter argues that gender equality and economic development are tightly intertwined, and that gender aspects … explaining how gender equality and economic development influence each other. In particular, the framework emphasizes the … interaction between SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 3 (good health and well-being) and SDG 4 (quality education). It then applies the …

gender-based indices constructed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and suggests alternatives for choice of … variables, functional form, and weights. While the UNDP Gender Inequality Index (GII) conceptually reflects the loss in …, resulting in only the partial capture of gender inequalities. Since the dimensions used for the GII are different from those in …

This paper investigates gender inequality in vulnerable employment: forms of employment typically featuring high … from developing countries, we measure long-term trends, describe geographical patterns, and estimate correlates of gender … gender gap. Across countries, the gender gap is smaller in richer countries, with lower fertility rates, and more …

We review the relationship between trade and poverty in less developed countries, surveying both relevant economic … can lead to poverty reduction, these circumstances do not always obtain. Trade liberalization will only be an effective … instrument of poverty reduction under specific structural conditions. There may be more direct and effective means of attaining …

Goal 1 (No poverty), Goal 2 (Zero hunger) and Goal 3 (Good health and well‑being). Another purpose, recognized as the added …