This paper provides an empirical assessment of the effect of national and international knowledge spillovers on innovation at a finely defined sectoral level for six major industrialised countries over the period 1981-1995. International spillovers are always found to be effective in increasing...

This paper asks how countries can implement their commitments to limit the increase in the global average temperature under the recent Paris Agreement on Climate Change for agriculture. An initial examination of the relevant trade rules and case law indicates that they appear unable to legally...

Mangroves line one quarter of the world's tropical coastlines, and approximately 117 countries and territories have mangrove resources within their borders. Although over recent years mangrove deforestation has occurred at a phenomenal rate worldwide, there have been few economic studies of the...

From ecosystems we derive food and fiber, fuel and pharmaceuticals. Ecosystems mediate local and regional climates, stabilize soils, purify water, and in general provide a nearly endless list of services essential to life as we know it. To understand how to manage these services it is essential...

This paper provides an overview of the main trends in development finance with biodiversity-related objectives for the period 2011 to 2020, using available OECD statistical data, from various sources. The resources covered are: Official Development Assistance and non-concessional development...

The prior appropriation doctrine provides for the allocation of most surface water rights in the Western United States. It is rightly praised for overcoming the uncertainty that plagued the riparian doctrine, which historically dominated water allocation law in the Eastern and Midwestern United...

Many new and ambitious energy efficiency and conservation laws are being enacted at all levels of government - and with greater financial incentives than provided previously. These innovations are intended to overcome or minimize market barriers such as principal-agent problems, information and...

Die Abholzung der weltweiten Wälder ist nach der Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe die zweitgrößte anthropogene CO2-Quelle. Maßnahmen der UN, die unter dem Namen »REDD« zusammengefasst werden, sollen der Abholzung entgegenwirken. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Funktionsweise von REDD und gibt...

Wälder stellen nicht nur einen umfangreichen Lebensraum zahlreicher Spezies dar, sondern auch eine wichtige Senke für CO2, die weltweit jedoch stark durch Abholzung bedroht ist. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die jährliche Veränderungsrate der Waldflächen im Zeitraum 2000–2005. Es ist erkennbar,...

Die Abholzung der weltweiten Wälder ist nach der Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe die zweitgrößte anthropogene CO2-Quelle. Maßnahmen der UN, die unter dem Namen »REDD« zusammengefasst werden, sollen der Abholzung entgegenwirken. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Funktionsweise von REDD und gibt...